最後更新日期：2024年03月29日
1.什麼是虛擬假設?
例一
如果我是你，我就弄死他(虛擬假設)
如果明天下雨，我來接你(真實假設，不適用以下原則)
例二
If I were a woman I would marry him.
透過明顯的語法錯誤，表示我不是真的要去做
表示跟真實相反、跟現狀相反、說屁話
If I am a woman I can marry him.
語法正確，表示真的要去變性
(這是舉例，假設語一定要語法錯誤才正確)
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2.基本模式:時態後移，造成語法錯誤
過去:用完成示表示(表不可挽回)
If+過去完成式(had)，過去助動詞+have+pp
If I had come last night, I wouldn’t have missed your performance.
現在:用過去表示(表開玩笑)
If+過去式(were)，~would/could/should/might~
If I were you ,I would kill him
If it rained now,I would cry.
將來:用現在表示(表可能發生)
If+現在式，~will/shall/may/can~
If I die tomorrow,I will die with honor.
雜交
如果我早點認識你，我明天就和他離婚(過去+將來)
If I had met you earlier , I will divorce him tomorrow.
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3.倒裝結構(主要用在書面語中)
虛擬條件句中有were had should 可以把if省略
而把were had should放在主語前
Were it necessary, I might resign.
Had you informed me earlier, I would not have signed the contract.
Should I have time,I would call on her.
4.建、規、要、命 的虛擬(應做而未做)
建、規、要、命 +(省略should)+原型
| 建議 | suggest、recommend、advise、urge、propose、move |
| 規定 | rule、maintain |
| 要求 | ask、desire、demand、require、request、insist |
| 命令 | order、command |
I suggest (that)she (should)go home now.
為何習慣省略should?should應該，語氣太強硬
易錯:不是所有建、規、要、命 都用原型，要看意思
His dark face suggests表明 that he …to the beach last week.
The man insisted認為 that he had never stolen the money.
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5.用假設語法的特殊情景
would rather 寧願
What would you do with 100million dollars?
(但如過真的有1億，就用正常語法)
Without water,we would not live today.
It is time that +ved
It is time that we had lunch.(過去早該做，應做而未做)
It is time (for sb) to do sth.(強調現在做)
as if 貌似
He walks as if he were a girl.
If only 如果…就好了
lest以免
Put on your coat lest you would get cold.
but for若不是
But for your money,I would have lost.
wish 祝福，不能發生(虛擬假設，用假設語法)
hope 能夠發生(真實假設，不用假設語法)
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